NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
https://www.nhtsa.gov

It’s clear, motorcycle helmets save lives. To help protect the lives of riders, the U.S. Department of Transportation requires that all motorcycle helmets sold in the United States meet Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 218. This standard defines minimum levels of performance that helmets must meet to protect the head and brain in the event of a crash.

Each year, the DOT conducts compliance testing of a variety of motorcycle helmets to determine whether helmets being sold in the United States meet the federal safety standard. Because they add such a critical margin of safety for riders, many states now have laws requiring the use of helmets that meet FMVSS 218. Some motorcycle riders are violating these state laws by wearing unsafe helmets that do not meet the standard. Most of these helmets are sold as novelty items and circumvent FMVSS 218’s requirements.

In some cases, motorcyclists purchase these helmets with the mistaken belief that they offer protection. However, many people who wear these novelty helmets know that they are but wear them anyway. This article explains how to identify unsafe novelty helmets as well as how to distinguish unsafe helmets from those that meet the federal safety standard. Here’s what to look for:

Thick inner liner
Helmets meeting the minimum federal safety standard have an inner liner usually about one-inch thick of firm polystyrene foam. Sometimes the inner liner will not be visible, but you should still be able to feel its thickness. Unsafe helmets normally contain only soft foam padding or a bare plastic shell with no padding at all.

Sturdy chin strap and rivets
Helmets meeting the DOT safety standard have sturdy chin straps with solid rivets.

Weight of the helmet
Depending on design, unsafe helmets weigh only one pound or less. Helmets meeting FMVSS 218 generally weigh about three pounds. Become familiar with the weight of helmets that comply with the federal safety standard. These helmets provide a more substantial feel.

Design/style of the helmet
The DOT safety standard does not allow anything to extend further than two-tenths of an inch from the surface of a helmet. For example, while visor fasteners are allowed, a spike or other protruding decorations indicate an unsafe helmet.

A design such as the German army or skullcap style may be a clue to an unsafe helmet. Unsafe helmets are noticeably smaller in diameter and thinner than ones meeting the DOT standard. However, some German army-style helmets may meet federal requirements. You’ll need to check for weight, thickness, sturdy chin straps as well as the “DOT” and manufacturer’s labels to make sure the helmet meets the federal safety standard. Familiarize yourself with brand names and designs of helmets that comply with DOT requirements. For example, a full-face design is a good indicator of a safe helmet. To date, we have never seen a full-face design novelty helmet.

DOT sticker
Helmets that meet FMVSS 218 must have a sticker on the outside back of the helmet with the letters “DOT,” which certifies the helmet meets or exceeds FMVSS 218. It is important to note that some novelty helmet sellers provide DOT stickers separately for motorcyclists to place on non-complying helmets. In this case, the DOT sticker is invalid and does not certify compliance.

Snell or ANSI label
In addition to the DOT sticker, labels located inside the helmet showing that a helmet meets the standards of private, non-profit organizations such as Snell or the American National Standards Institute are good indicators that the helmet also meets the federal safety standard. To date, we have never seen a novelty helmet that has a phony DOT sticker in addition to a phony Snell or ANSI label.

Manufacturer’s labeling
Manufacturers are required under FMVSS 218 to place a label on or inside the helmet stating the manufacturer’s name, model, size, month and year of manufacture, construction materials and owner’s information. A helmet that does not meet the federal safety standard usually does not have such labeling.

Conclusion
Remember, a DOT sticker on the back of the helmet and proper inside labeling do not necessarily indicate that a helmet meets all DOT requirements. Many helmets have counterfeit DOT stickers and a limited few also have manufacturer’s labeling. But the design and weight of a helmet, thickness of the inner liner and the quality of the chin strap and rivets are extra clues to help distinguish safe helmets from non-complying ones.