A 24-year-old Staff Sergeant assigned to Fort Carson, Colorado, died in a PMV-2 mishap 3 July 2024 while on leave in Pike County, Ohio, at 0820 local. The Soldier was operating his motorcycle when he crashed. The specific circumstances of the mishap, including use of personal protective equipment, completion of the required Motorcycle Safety Foundation training, proper licensing, speed and the involvement of alcohol, are currently unknown.
Since FY19, the Army has lost an average of 28 Soldiers a year to PMV-2 mishaps. This mishap was the 26th PMV-2 fatality of FY24 and above the number of fatalities for the same time last year.
Safety tip
10 Essential Techniques for Proper Motorcycle Braking
Riding a motorcycle is an exhilarating experience. The thrill of the open road, the wind on your face and the sheer power of a bike beneath you can be unmatched. But it's not just about speed and thrill – safety is paramount. One of the most vital safety techniques every rider should master is braking. Whether you're a seasoned rider or just starting out, understanding the nuances of motorcycle braking can be a gamechanger.
Why Proper Braking Matters
Imagine you're cruising down a scenic highway. Suddenly, a car pulls out in front of you. Your reaction time, combined with the effectiveness of your brakes, could make all the difference. It's not just about avoiding accidents; it's about enhancing the overall riding experience. Proper braking ensures smoother rides, better bike control and reduced wear and tear.
1. The Two-Brake Rule
Both your front and rear brakes are pivotal in achieving the optimal brake control. When executing a controlled stop, employ both brakes – the general rule is 70% front brake, 30% rear brake. The stopping power of each is vital. But remember, while braking in a curve, rely more on the rear to prevent aquaplaning.
The Steps:
- Position Hands and Feet: As you approach a stop, ensure your hands are gripping the handlebars and your feet are poised above both brakes.
- Gauge the Situation: Assess the terrain and any possible hazards. Determine the urgency of the stop.
- Apply Front Brake: With your right hand, gently squeeze the front brake lever using your index and middle fingers. This should account for roughly 70% of your total braking force.
- Apply Rear Brake: Simultaneously, press down on the rear brake pedal with the ball of your right foot, contributing to the remaining 30% of braking force.
- In Curves: If you're in a curve or turn, be cautious with the front brake. Prioritize the rear brake to avoid a loss of traction.
2. Master the Front Brake
The bulk of your braking performance comes from the front brake. Your front brake controls are essential. Use your index and middle fingers for a smooth, controlled application. This isn't just a tap; it's about understanding the grip and ensuring maximum surface grip.
The Steps:
- Hand Positioning: Ensure your index and middle fingers are resting lightly on the brake lever while the remaining fingers grip the handlebar.
- Anticipate the Stop: Before applying the brake, always anticipate the stop and the distance required.
- Gentle Squeeze: Start with a soft squeeze on the front brake lever. Avoid a sudden grasp as it can cause the wheel to lock.
- Increase Pressure Gradually: As you continue to slow down, increase the pressure on the brake lever progressively until the motorcycle comes to a halt.
3. Understand the Rear Brake
The rear brake is indispensable when you need to make a sudden stop. Your rear brake lever is crucial. Gently press with your right toe. If you put too much stress on your transmission by pressing hard, you risk a skid.
The Steps:
- Foot Positioning: Your right foot should be hovering over the rear brake pedal, ready to apply pressure when needed.
- Apply Gentle Pressure: Start by gently pressing down on the brake pedal. Remember, the rear brake is more sensitive to pressure and can lock up with excessive force.
- Feel the Resistance: Pay attention to the resistance you feel under your foot. If the brake starts to lock or the motorcycle begins to skid, ease off slightly.
- Combine with Front Brake: For optimal stopping power, use the rear brake in tandem with the front brake, maintaining a balance based on your speed and terrain.
4. Synchronized Braking
For optimal braking performance, apply both brakes simultaneously, ensuring braking balance. Ensure your motorcycle is upright and heading straight. It’s all about achieving the right braking approach between the two.
The Steps:
- Position for Stopping: As you sense the need to brake, align your motorcycle to ensure its upright and heading straight.
- Engage Front Brake: Begin by applying a gentle squeeze on the front brake lever using your index and middle fingers.
- Simultaneously Engage Rear Brake: While applying the front brake, press down gently on the rear brake pedal with your right foot.
- Maintain Balance: Keep an even force between the two brakes, adjusting as needed based on the stopping urgency and the terrain.
5. Regular Practice and Training
Ever heard the phrase, "practice makes perfect?" It couldn't be more accurate here. Find a safe spot and rehearse your braking. And if you're new to the scene, consider joining a motorcycle safety course. It’s not just about learning; it’s about refining and mastering.
The Steps:
- Choose a Safe Spot: Identify a low-traffic area, like an empty parking lot or a quiet street, for practicing.
- Start with Basics: Begin by practicing simple stops, focusing on balance and smooth brake application.
- Vary Your Practice: Try braking from different speeds and under varied conditions to refine your skills.
- Seek Professional Training: If you're new or wish to upskill, consider enrolling in a motorcycle safety course to learn from experienced trainers.
6. Harness Engine Braking
Engine braking optimizes your braking balance. Instead of relying solely on the brake pads, use the engine's resistance. Disengage the throttle and squeeze on your clutch. A swift downshift, paired with a gradual clutch release, can offer controlled deceleration. Shift into lower gears, ensuring you reach the lowest gear if coming to a complete stop.
The Steps:
- Anticipate the Slowdown: Before you need to reduce speed, anticipate the moment you'll employ engine braking.
- Initiate Downshift: Gently shift your motorcycle into a lower gear.
- Steady Clutch Release: As you downshift, gradually release the clutch lever, allowing the engine's resistance to slow you down.
- Combine with Traditional Braking: For maximum control, combine engine braking with light application of your front and rear brakes.
7. Body Dynamics
Your body enhances front tire grip and braking performance. As you decelerate, especially when stopping in a straight line, lean forward marginally. This minor shift can increase tire traction and improve the distance it takes to stop.
The Steps:
- Stay Alert: As you anticipate the need to brake, be conscious of your body position.
- Lean Forward: Begin slowing down by leaning your body slightly forward. This movement shouldn't be abrupt but rather a controlled shift.
- Increase Front-Wheel Traction: The forward lean helps transfer more weight to the front wheel, increasing its traction and improving brake responsiveness.
- Maintain Grip: Ensure your hands remain firmly on the handlebars and feet are positioned appropriately for potential brake application.
8. Emergency Braking Drills
Being ready for emergency brake situations can be the difference between a close call and an accident. Start slow and escalate. In a high-side incident, the right braking techniques and understanding of grip can be lifesaving.
The Steps:
- Find a Suitable Location: Choose a safe, open space, free from traffic and obstacles.
- Start at Low Speed: Begin by practicing emergency stops from a low speed to get a feel for your bike's response.
- Gradually Increase Speed: As you become more comfortable, incrementally raise your starting speed before initiating the emergency brake.
- Repeat: Regular repetition is the key to mastering and maintaining this critical skill. The aim is to build muscle memory and confidence.
9. The ABS Advantage
If you're fortunate enough to have ABS brakes, you’ve got an ace up your sleeve. Anti-lock braking systems prevent the nightmare of wheel lockups, offering more than just good braking technique. Especially during an emergency braking situation, the system kicks in, ensuring you remain upright and masterful.
The Steps:
- Familiarize with ABS: Ensure you're aware of whether your motorcycle is equipped with ABS. Check your owner's manual if unsure.
- Normal Braking: When braking in regular conditions, apply your brakes as you usually would. The ABS will engage automatically if a wheel starts to lock.
- Feel the Pulse: If ABS activates, you might feel a pulsing sensation in the brake lever or pedal. This is normal, and it's the system modulating brake pressure to prevent wheel lockup.
- Stay Calm and Continue: Do not release the brakes if you feel the ABS kick in. Continue to apply pressure and let the system do its job.
10. Stay Updated
In the realm of motorcycle braking, advancements in brake assist types and techniques are perpetual. Whether it's a new quick-stop braking technique or an understanding of how slope, such as rolling down steeper hills, affects braking distance, staying updated can give you the edge.
The Steps:
- Engage with the Community: Regularly communicate with fellow riders, joining forums or local motorcycle groups.
- Attend Workshops: Sign up for seminars or workshops that delve into the latest motorcycle technologies and safety protocols.
- Stay Informed: Follow motorcycle blogs, magazines or news sources to keep abreast of the latest innovations in braking systems and techniques.
- Practice: As you learn new techniques or about new technologies, find time to practice and integrate them into your regular riding habits.
Understanding Brake Types
Motorcycles come equipped with either disc brakes, drum brakes or a combination of both. Knowing which type your bike uses can guide your braking technique.
- Disc Brakes: These are commonly found on modern motorcycles, especially on the front wheel. They offer better stopping power and dissipate heat more efficiently. When pressing the brake lever, hydraulic fluid forces the brake pads against a rotor, slowing the bike.
- Drum Brakes: Older or more basic motorcycles might have these, especially on the rear wheel. They involve brake shoes pushing out against the inside of a drum. They're generally not as efficient as disc brakes in heat dissipation and might fade during prolonged use.
Brake Maintenance
The condition of your brakes directly influences your safety. Regular inspections and timely replacements are paramount.
- Check Brake Pads: Inspect them for wear. Thin or unevenly worn brake pads can compromise your stopping power.
- Monitor Brake Fluid: Ensure the fluid is at the recommended level and is clear. Dark or murky fluid might indicate contamination and calls for a change.
- Inspect Brake Lines: Look for signs of wear, damage or leaks. They are responsible for transmitting the force from your hand/foot to the brakes.
Environmental Factors and Braking
Road conditions can significantly impact braking performance. It's essential to be aware and adapt to:
- Wet Roads: Rain can make roads slippery. Increase your braking distance and apply brakes gently.
- Gravel or Loose Surfaces: These can reduce traction. Be cautious and avoid sudden braking actions.
- Cold Weather: Tires might not grip as well on cold tarmac. It’s wise to give your tires some time to warm up by riding gently for the first few minutes.
In Conclusion
Braking isn't just a function; it's an art. And like all arts, it demands understanding, practice and continual learning. As riders, our journey isn't just about the destinations we reach but also about the skills we pick up along the way. So, whether you're navigating city streets or winding country roads, remember – mastering your brakes isn't just about safety; it's about truly unlocking the joy of riding.
Tips provided by RIIROO