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Preliminary Loss Reports (PLRs)

About Preliminary Loss Reports (PLRs)

PLRs are intended to be used as an engagement tool for leaders to discuss the hazards and trends impacting Soldier safety and readiness. A PLR contains only basic information, as the investigation is ongoing, but provides sufficient background to allow leaders an opportunity to communicate risk at the Soldier level.

 

PLR 23-108 - PMV-2 Mishap Claims One Soldier's Life

Posting Date:   /   Categories: Preliminary Loss Reports, PMV-2
A 21-year-old Specialist assigned to Fort Liberty, North Carolina, died in a PMV-2 mishap 21 September 2023 at Pope Army Airfield, North Carolina, at 1145 local. The Soldier was riding his motorcycle when he lost control and was ejected from his bike, striking a road sign. Fort Liberty emergency medical services personnel responded and transported him to the local medical center, where he was pronounced dead. Speed was reportedly a contributing factor. The Soldier was licensed, had completed the Motorcycle Safety Foundation Basic RiderCourse on 28 February 2023 and was wearing the required personal protective equipment.

Since FY18, the Army has lost an average of 24 Soldiers a year to PMV-2 mishaps. This mishap was the 36th PMV-2 fatality of FY23 and above the number of fatalities for the same time period last year.

Safety tip

A motorcycle is inherently more difficult to operate than a passenger vehicle because it requires more physical skill and strength. The relationship of motorcycle speed and stability is also a critical consideration when riding a motorcycle, as the stability of a motorcycle is relative to speed. As speed increases, the motorcycle becomes more stable, requiring less effort from the operator to maintain its balance, even as it becomes less maneuverable. At lower speeds, the motorcycle becomes less stable, requiring greater effort from the operator to balance it.

NHTSA considers a crash to be speeding-related if the driver was charged with a speeding-related offense or if an investigating police officer indicated that racing, driving too fast for conditions or exceeding the posted speed limit was a contributing factor in the crash. Thirty-three percent of all motorcycle riders involved in fatal crashes in 2021 were speeding, compared to 22 percent for passenger car drivers, 15 percent for light-truck drivers and 7 percent for large-truck drivers.

Tip provided by NHTSA
 

 

 

PLR 23-107 - PMV-4 Mishap Claims One Soldier's Life

Posting Date:   /   Categories: Preliminary Loss Reports, PMV-4
A 22-year-old Specialist assigned to Fort Carson, Colorado, died in a PMV-4 mishap 17 September 2023 in Colorado Springs, Colorado, at 0200 local. Three Soldiers were involved in a single-vehicle rollover. Soldier 1 (passenger) sustained fatal injuries and Soldier 2 (passenger) is currently on life support. The driver of the vehicle was treated for minor injuries. Alcohol is suspected as a contributing factor. The specific circumstances of the mishap, including the Soldiers’ use of seat belts or speed as a contributing factor, are currently unknown. The unit/safety points of contact are waiting law enforcement to release its final report.

Since FY18, the Army has lost an average of 35 Soldiers a year to PMV-4 mishaps. This mishap was the 35th PMV-4 fatality of FY23 and above the number of fatalities for the same time last year.

Safety tip

One person is killed about every 39 minutes in a drunk-driving crash, totaling more than 13,000 lives lost each year.

By the Numbers

531 - PEOPLE DIED IN TRAFFIC CRASHES DURING 2021 LABOR DAY WEEKEND

41% - INVOLVED A DRUNK DRIVER

In 2021, two-thirds of drunk-driving crashes involved a driver who had a blood alcohol concentration, or BAC, of .15 g/dL or higher. A BAC of .08 or higher is considered drunk driving in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, except in Utah where the BAC limit is .05.

Have a Plan Whether You're Driving, Riding or Hosting

Before drinking, plan a safe and sober ride home.
  • Don’t let someone get behind the wheel if they've been drinking.

  • If you’re hosting a gathering, make sure all your guests have a sober ride home.

  • If you see an impaired driver, call 911. And always wear your seat belt — it’s your best defense against impaired drivers.

  • The Effects of Alcohol on Driving

    Just one drink before driving can put you and others in danger because alcohol impairs thinking, reasoning and muscle coordination.

    BAC - PREDICTABLE EFFECTS ON DRIVING
    .02 - Decline in visual functions, decline in ability to perform two tasks at the same time
    .05 - Reduced coordination, reduced ability to track moving objects, difficulty steering, reduced response to emergency driving situations
    .08 - Reduced concentration, short-term memory loss, lack of speed control, reduced information processing capability, impaired perception
    .10 - Reduced ability to maintain lane position and brake appropriately
    .15 - Substantial impairment in vehicle control, attention to driving task, and in necessary visual and auditory information processing

    It's Illegal Everywhere to Drive Drunk

    A DUI can set you back, on average, $10,000, and there could be a crash — people could get hurt or killed.

    Tips provided by NHTSA

 

 

PLR 23-106 - PMV-2 Mishap Claims One Soldier's Life

Posting Date:   /   Categories: Preliminary Loss Reports, PMV-2
A 27-year-old Sergeant assigned to Fort Liberty, North Carolina, died in a PMV-2 mishap 17 September 2023 at 1420 local. The Soldier was reportedly involved in a collision with another vehicle on Interstate 95. The North Carolina State Highway Patrol (NCSHP) responded to the scene. The Soldier was transported to a hospital in Raleigh, North Carolina, where he died upon arrival. The specific circumstances of the mishap, including the use of personal protective equipment, speed or the involvement of alcohol as contributing factors, are currently unknown. The unit/safety points of contact are waiting for NCSHP to release its final report.

Since FY18, the Army has lost an average of 24 Soldiers a year to PMV-2 mishaps. This mishap was the 35th PMV-2 fatality of FY23 and above the number of fatalities for the same time period last year.
 

 

PLR 23-105 - PMV-2 Mishap Claims One Soldier's Life

Posting Date:   /   Categories: Preliminary Loss Reports, PMV-2
A 25-year-old Staff Sergeant assigned to Fort Johnson, Louisiana, died in a PMV-2 mishap 12 September 2023 in Alexandria, Louisiana, at 2134 local. The Soldier was riding while his family followed in a car when a vehicle failed to yield and pulled out in front of him. The Alexandria Police Department (APD) responded and pronounced the Soldier dead at the scene. The Soldier was properly licensed and completed the required Motorcycle Safety Foundation training. The use of personal protective equipment, speed or alcohol is currently unknown. The unit/safety points of contact are waiting for APD to release its final report.

Since FY18, the Army has lost an average of 24 Soldiers a year to PMV-2 mishaps. This mishap was the 34th PMV-2 fatality of FY23 and above the number of fatalities for the same time period last year.

Safety tip

Riding a motorcycle is fun and freeing, but it can also be risky. According to data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), motorcyclists are about 28 times more likely to suffer an accident-related fatality than drivers of other vehicles. And riding at night introduces additional risks.

If you need or want to ride your motorcycle at night, take extra precautions to help protect yourself and others. Here are 10 safety tips you can implement each time you go for a night ride on your motorcycle.

1) Understand the dangers of riding at night

Many road dangers that exist during the day for motorcyclists are amplified at night. For example, it may be harder for other drivers to see you, and you face an increased risk of encountering drunk drivers. Except for the rush hour times of 3–6 p.m., more motorcyclists die in nighttime accidents than during the daylight hours.

Decreased visibility

Even during the day, other motorists often fail to notice motorcyclists. With little to no light at night, their visibility is more limited, putting you at a higher risk of not being seen until a collision is unavoidable.

As you’d expect, your own ability to see is dramatically reduced at night. Your visibility is often limited to whatever appears in your headlight beams and the lights of other vehicles around you.

2) Make sure your lights are working

If any of the lights on your motorcycle aren’t working or aren’t angled properly, it could severely reduce your ability to see—and other drivers’ ability to see you.

Before you do any night riding, make sure every light on every part of your motorcycle is working. You may need someone to help you check all the lights.

3) Use your high beams

As long as you’re not blinding other drivers, use your high beams as much as possible to reduce eye strain and increase your range of vision.

To avoid shining your high beams at other drivers, switch them off as you approach vehicles going the opposite direction, and turn them off if you’re closely following another vehicle.

4) Don’t look directly at oncoming headlights

As noted above, oncoming headlights can be blinding. Instead of looking directly into them, try looking at the right-edge line on the side of the road ahead. This will keep you within your lane and headed in the right direction. Don’t look down and away—it could cause you to inadvertently steer out of your lane.

5) Consider wearing night riding glasses

While dark-tinted visors or sunglasses work great for bright sunny days, these items can impede your vision at night. Instead, consider wearing yellow-tinted visors, photochromic visors, clear glasses.

6) Clear your helmet’s visor

While it’s easy to ignore some dirt, dead bugs, and smudges on your helmet’s visor during the day, these things can impair your vision at night.

7) Make yourself visible

High-visibility clothing is designed with reflective surfaces and bright fluorescent colors that help make you more visible at night. One study found that motorcyclists who wear high-visibility clothing are 37 percent less likely to be involved in a crash.

Use reflective tape

To make you more visible, consider adding retro-reflective strips of tape to your motorcycle and your riding gear.

Add more lights
 
  • Brake light flashers: Brake light flashers modify your brake lights to flash rapidly when you apply the brakes.

  • LED lights: LED lights are brighter they can help you see farther and make you more visible to other drivers at night.

  • Headlight modulator: A headlight modulator switches your low beams from a steady light to a pulsing beam.

  • Auxiliary lights: Instead of replacing your current lights, you can add extra lights to your motorcycle.

8) Leverage the lights of other vehicles

Your motorcycle’s headlights are limited in how much of the road they can show you. Use the lights from other vehicles to your advantage. If you’re behind another vehicle, scan the road ahead to see if their headlights expose any road hazards, like a pothole or road debris.

9) Maintain safe driving distances

When driving at night, give yourself more time and space between vehicles than you might during the day. With limited visibility, it’s harder to see potential obstacles in front of you. The more space you give yourself to stop, the greater your chances will be of stopping safely and avoiding an accident.

10) Take breaks when needed

Riding a motorcycle at night can be particularly tiring because of the limited visibility and intense concentration needed.


Tips provide by IIHS and Dairyland Insurance.
 

 

PLR 23-104 - PMV-4 Mishap Claims One Soldier's Life

Posting Date:   /   Categories: Preliminary Loss Reports, PMV-4
A 25-year-old Specialist assigned to Fort Carson, Colorado, died in a PMV-4 mishap 21 August 2023 in Colorado City, Colorado, at 0630 local. The Soldier was driving home from San Antonio, Texas, when his vehicle crossed over the median, overturned and was ejected. The Colorado State Patrol (CSP) responded and pronounced the Soldier dead at the scene. It is unknown if speed or alcohol were factors or if the Soldier was wearing a seat belt. The unit/safety points of contact are waiting for CSP to release its final report.

Since FY18, the Army has lost an average of 35 Soldiers a year to PMV-4 mishaps. This mishap was the 34th PMV-4 fatality of FY23 and above the number of fatalities for the same time last year.

Safety tip

Drivers are Falling Asleep Behind the Wheel

Drowsy Driving Prevention Week, held every year during the first full week of November, is a good time to remember that drowsy driving is impaired driving.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 1 in 25 adult drivers report having fallen asleep while driving in the previous 30 days and many more admit to driving when they were sleep deprived.

These startling figures show how prevalent drowsy driving is. What drivers may not realize is how much drowsy driving puts themselves – and others – at risk. In fact, an estimated 6,400 people died annually in crashes involving drowsy driving, according to the National Sleep Foundation.

Impact of Drowsiness on Driving

Driving while drowsy is similar to driving under influence of alcohol:
 
  • Drivers’ reaction times, awareness of hazards and ability to sustain attention all worsen the drowsier the driver.

  • Driving after going more than 20 hours without sleep is the equivalent of driving with a blood alcohol concentration of .08% – the U.S. legal limit.

  • You are three times more likely to be in a car crash if you are fatigued.

  • A driver might not even know when he or she is fatigued because signs of fatigue are hard to identify. Some people may also experience micro-sleep – short, involuntary periods of inattention. In the four or five seconds a driver experiences micro-sleep, at highway speed, the vehicle will travel the length of a football field.

Prevalence of Drowsy Driving Crashes

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that every year about 100,000 police-reported, drowsy-driving crashes result in nearly 800 fatalities and about 50,000 injuries. The real number may be much higher, however, as it is difficult to determine whether a driver was drowsy at the time of a crash.

A study by the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety estimated that 328,000 drowsy-driving crashes occur annually. That's more than three times the police-reported number. The same study found that 109,000 of those drowsy driving crashes resulted in an injury and about 6,400 were fatal. The researchers suggest the prevalence of drowsy-driving fatalities is more than 350% greater than reported.

Beyond the human toll is the economic one. NHTSA estimates fatigue-related crashes resulting in injury or death cost society $109 billion annually, not including property damage.

Interventions for Drowsy Driving

Drowsy driving affects everyone, including adolescents and teens, who are not getting enough sleep (according to the CDC, it is recommended that teens get 8-10 hours of sleep each night). That means interventions focusing on this age group can help reduce drowsy driving. One such intervention is for parents to incorporate discussions and rules on drowsy driving while completing their parent-teen driving agreements.

Other ways to reduce drowsy driving include:

Crash avoidance technologies: New and existing safety technologies, such as drowsiness alert and lane-departure warnings, can detect common drowsy driving patterns and warn drivers to stay in their lane or take a break.

University interventions: College students receive less than average sleep, with some estimates at less than six hours a night; education programs aimed at college students may help curb drowsy driving and instill healthier behaviors that can last into adulthood.

Getting more sleep: According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society, adults should get seven or more hours of sleep each night.

Medication labels: An article by Consumer Reports found that side-effect warnings are not always clear; new labeling guidelines may help drivers understand when to drive or not drive after taking these medications.

Employers: Workplaces with strong off-the-job safety and health programs can include key information on getting sufficient sleep and refraining from driving drowsy.

One of the safest choices drivers and passengers can make is to buckle up. Many Americans understand the lifesaving value of the seat belt – the national use rate was at 91.6% in 2022. Seat belt use in passenger vehicles saved an estimated 14,955 lives in 2017. Understand the potentially fatal consequences of not wearing a seat belt and learn what you can do to make sure you and your family are properly buckled up every time.

In 2021, 26,325 passenger vehicle occupants were killed. About 50% of those killed were not buckled (based on known seat belt use.)

The consequences of not wearing, or improperly wearing a seat belt are clear:
 
  1. Buckling up helps keep you safe and secure inside your vehicle, whereas not buckling up can result in being totally ejected from the vehicle in a crash, which is almost always deadly.

  2. Air bags are not enough to protect you; in fact, the force of an air bag can seriously injure or even kill you if you’re not buckled up.

  3. Improperly wearing a seat belt, such as putting the strap below your arm, puts you and your children at risk in a crash.

The benefits of buckling up are equally clear:

If you buckle up in the front seat of a passenger car, you can reduce your risk of:
 
  • Fatal injury by 45% (Kahane, 2015)

  • Moderate to critical injury by 50%

  • If you buckle up in a light truck, you can reduce your risk of:

  • Fatal injury by 60% (Kahane, 2015)

  • Moderate to critical injury by 65% (NHTSA, 1984)

  • Tips from NSC and NHTSA

 

 

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