Preliminary Loss Reports (PLRs)

An 18-year-old Private First Class assigned to Fort Bliss, Texas, died in a PMV-4 mishap near Hancock, Texas, 16 July 2024 at 0600 local. The Soldier was involved in a single vehicle mishap when her vehicle veered off the road. The local Justice of the Peace pronounced her dead at the scene. The specific circumstances of the mishap, including seat belt use, speed or alcohol, are currently unknown.

Since FY19, the Army has lost an average of 35 Soldiers a year to PMV-4 mishaps. This mishap was the 31st fatality of FY24 and above the number of fatalities for the same time last year.

Safety tip

Overview

Drowsy driving kills — but is preventable. Learn about three factors commonly associated with drowsy-driving crashes and pick up some helpful tips to avoid falling asleep at the wheel.

The number of fatalities involving drowsy drivers was 693 or 1.6 percent of total traffic fatalities in 2022.

This represents a 1.1-percent decrease from 701 in 2021.

Fatigue has costly effects on the safety, health, and quality of life of the American public. Whether fatigue is caused by sleep restriction due to a new baby waking every couple of hours, a late or long shift at work, hanging out late with friends, or a long and monotonous drive for the holidays – the negative outcomes can be the same. These include impaired cognition and performance, motor vehicle crashes, workplace accidents, and health consequences.

Tackling these issues can be difficult when our lifestyle does not align with avoiding drowsy driving. In a 24/7 society, with an emphasis on work, longer commutes, and exponential advancement of technology, many people do not get the sleep they need. Effectively dealing with the drowsy-driving problem requires fundamental changes to societal norms and especially attitudes about drowsy driving.

The terms drowsy, sleepy, and fatigue are used interchangeably although there are differences in the way these terms are used and understood.

NHTSA’s census of fatal crashes and estimate of traffic-related crashes and injuries rely on police and hospital reports to determine the incidence of drowsy-driving crashes.

NHTSA estimates that in 2017, 91,000 police-reported crashes involved drowsy drivers. These crashes led to an estimated 50,000 people injured and nearly 800 deaths. But there is broad agreement across the traffic safety, sleep science, and public health communities that this is an underestimate of the impact of drowsy driving.

Drowsy-driving crashes

1. Occur most frequently between midnight and 6 a.m., or in the late afternoon. At both times of the day, people experience dips in their circadian rhythm—the human body’s internal clock that regulates sleep;
2. Often involve only a single driver (and no passengers) running off the road at a high rate of speed with no evidence of braking; and
3. Frequently occur on rural roads and highways.

How To Avoid Driving Drowsy

1. Getting adequate sleep on a daily basis is the only true way to protect yourself against the risks of driving when you’re drowsy. Experts urge consumers to make it a priority to get seven to eight hours of sleep per night. For more information on healthy sleep, see In Brief: Your Guide to Healthy Sleep (PDF, 1.81 MB) at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website.
2. Before the start of a long family car trip, get a good night’s sleep, or you could put your entire family and others at risk.
3. Many teens do not get enough sleep at a stage in life when their biological need for sleep increases, which makes them vulnerable to the risk of drowsy-driving crashes, especially on longer trips. Advise your teens to delay driving until they’re well-rested.
4. Avoid drinking any alcohol before driving. Consumption of alcohol interacts with sleepiness to increase drowsiness and impairment.
5. Always check your prescription and over-the-counter medication labels to see if drowsiness could result from their use.
6. If you take medications that could cause drowsiness as a side effect, use public transportation when possible.
7. If you drive, avoid driving during the peak sleepiness periods (midnight – 6 a.m. and late afternoon). If you must drive during the peak sleepiness periods, stay vigilant for signs of drowsiness, such as crossing over roadway lines or hitting a rumble strip, especially if you’re driving alone.

Short-Term Intervention

1. Drinking coffee or energy drinks alone is not always enough. They might help you feel more alert, but the effects last only a short time, and you might not be as alert as you think you are. If you drink coffee and are seriously sleep-deprived, you still may have “micro sleeps” or brief losses of consciousness that can last for four or five seconds. This means that at 55 miles per hour, you’ve traveled more than 100 yards down the road while asleep. That’s plenty of time to cause a crash.
2. If you start to get sleepy while you’re driving, drink one to two cups of coffee and pull over for a short 20-minute nap in a safe place, such as a lighted, designated rest stop. This has been shown to increase alertness in scientific studies, but only for short time periods.

Tips provide by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

A 23-year-old Specialist assigned to Fort Drum, New York, died in a PMV-4 mishap 8 June 2024 in Dexter, New York, at 0220 local. The Soldier’s vehicle ran off the road and into a river. The Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office (JCSO) responded, removed the Soldier from the submerged vehicle and began lifesaving measures. He was transported to a local hospital, where he was pronounced dead. The unit/safety points of contact are waiting for the JCSO to release its final report.

Since FY19, the Army has lost an average of 35 Soldiers a year to PMV-4 mishaps. This mishap was the 30th off-duty PMV-4 mishap of FY24 and above the number of PMV-4 fatalities for the same time last year.

A Specialist assigned to Fort Riley, Kansas, died in a PMV-4 mishap 26 July 2024 in Pacifica, California, at 1140 local. While on leave, the Soldier was riding in a vehicle that went off a cliff. His body was recovered the following day. The unit/safety points of contact are waiting for law enforcement to release its final report. Speed, seat belt use and alcohol involvement are currently unknown.

Since FY19, the Army has lost an average of 35 Soldiers a year to PMV-4 mishaps. This mishap was the 29th off-duty PMV-4 mishap of FY24 and above the number of PMV-4 fatalities for the same time last year.

A Private First Class assigned to Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, died in a PMV-4 mishap 15 June 2024 in Lakewood, Washington, at 0400 local. Two Soldiers were involved in a vehicle accident when their vehicle ran off the road and struck a tree. The Washington State Patrol (WSP) responded and pronounced Soldier No. 1 (driver) dead at the scene. Soldier No. 2 (passenger) was transported to the local hospital with non-fatal injuries. WSP suspects excessive speed was a contributing factor and Soldier No. 2 was wearing a seat belt. The unit/safety points of contact are waiting for the WSP to release its final report.

Since FY19, the Army has lost an average of 35 Soldiers a year to PMV-4 mishaps. This mishap was the 28th fatality of FY24 and above the number of fatalities for the same time last year.

Safety tip

Dangers of Speeding
For more than two decades, speeding has been involved in approximately one-third of all motor vehicle fatalities. In 2022, speeding was a contributing factor in 29% of all traffic fatalities.

Speed also affects your safety even when you are driving at the speed limit but too fast for road conditions, such as during bad weather, when a road is under repair or in an area at night that isn’t well lit.

Speeding endangers not only the life of the speeder, but all of the people on the road around them, including law enforcement officers. It is a problem we all need to help solve.

By the Numbers
More than 12,000 people were killed in speed-related crashes in 2021 – an 8% increase from 2020. While drivers of all ages are represented in speeding-related crashes, data shows about 24% of drivers 18-44 involved in fatal crashes were speeding, and young men are the most likely to be speeding at the time of fatal crashes. In 2021, 35% of male drivers 15-20 and 31% of male drivers 21-24 involved in fatal crashes were speeding.

Know the Dangers of Speeding
No matter how advanced your driving skills are, speeding is dangerous. Speeding:

• Reduces your ability to steer safely around another vehicle, a hazardous object or an unexpected curve;
• Extends the time it takes your vehicle to stop; and
• Increases the risk of a crash because other vehicles and pedestrians may not be able to judge your distance correctly.

https://www.nhtsa.gov/campaign/speeding-catches-up-with-you
Tips provided by CDC and NHSTA.

A 45-year-old Major assigned to Fort McCoy, Wisconsin, died in an off-duty PMV-4 mishap 11 June 2024 in Greenfield, Wisconsin, at 1600 local. The Soldier was reportedly involved in a vehicle collision while on PCS leave. The specific circumstances of the mishap are currently unknown. The unit/safety points of contact are waiting for law enforcement to release its final report.

Since FY19, the Army has lost an average of 35 Soldiers a year to off-duty PMV-4 mishaps. This mishap was the 27th off-duty PMV-4 mishap of FY24 and above the number of fatalities for the same time last year.